Hello Christopher,
Is the WiFi password stored locally on the Obniz or in the cloud?
It's stored in obniz board locally. Because It is necessary to connect to obniz cloud.
If the WiFi password is stored locally on the Obniz, is it stored in an encrypted form?
No. It's not encrypted.
If the WiFi password is stored locally on the Obniz, can that password, or the non-volatile storage device that holds the password, be read through the hardware API?
No. You can't read/update obniz local Wi-Fi configurations through APIs.
Thank you